The debate on indigenous governance in India, particularly in the context of Panchayats, has been central to discussions on institutional structures and governance models. While some view institutions through a state-led lens, often overlooking indigenous models, others have advocated for their reclamation since the early 20th century. The 73rd Amendment to the Indian Constitution was a significant step towards integrating indigenous governance into modern state structures. However, Dharampal challenges the notion of Panchayats as indigenous institutions, arguing that they were a British creation. His data suggests that both proponents and opponents of Panchayats are inadvertently following European descriptions. A historical analysis of these debates can shed light on two crucial questions: What was the alternative model of governance that Indians had, and what kind of political organization was necessary to support indigenous governance? This project aims to reconstruct this indigenous model of governance.